How Many Base Camps on Everest? Two Main Camps Explained

By Sarah Miller · July 28, 2046

There are two main base camps on Mount Everest: the South Base Camp in Nepal at 5,364 meters (17,598 feet) and the North Base Camp in Tibet at 5,150 meters (16,900 feet). These serve as primary staging areas for climbers attempting the summit via the southeast ridge and northeast ridge routes, respectively.

Understanding Everest Base Camps

Mount Everest, standing at 8,848.86 meters (29,031.7 feet), is the highest peak on Earth. Due to its extreme altitude and challenging conditions, climbers rely on a series of camps during their ascent. However, only two are designated as official base camps: one on each side of the mountain. These base camps function as logistical hubs where climbers acclimatize, store gear, and prepare for higher-altitude pushes.

Key Functions of Base Camps

Serve as starting points for summit attempts
Provide medical and communication support
Host team coordination and supply depots
Enable gradual acclimatization to high altitude

South Base Camp: Nepal Side

The Everest South Base Camp, located in the Khumbu region of Nepal within Sagarmatha National Park, sits at an elevation of 5,364 meters (17,598 feet). It is accessible via a multi-day trek from Lukla Airport, making it a popular destination even for non-climbers seeking adventure.

Features of South Base Camp

Operational from March to May and September to November
Supports thousands of climbers and trekkers annually
Home to temporary tent cities with satellite communications
Gateway to the Southeast Ridge route, the most commonly used path to the summit

North Base Camp: Tibet Side

Located in Tingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the North Base Camp sits at approximately 5,150 meters (16,900 feet). Unlike the Nepalese side, access is typically by vehicle via the Friendship Highway from Lhasa or Shigatse.

Differences Between North and South Sides

Accessibility: North Base Camp allows vehicular access; South requires trekking.
Crowds: The South tends to be more crowded due to higher popularity.
Route Difficulty: The Northeast Ridge (Tibet) is considered slightly steeper and windier.
Regulations: Chinese authorities enforce stricter permits and monitoring on the north side.

Higher Camps vs. Base Camps

While only two base camps exist, climbers establish several higher camps during their ascent. These include:

Camp I: ~6,065 m (19,900 ft) – above the Khumbu Icefall
Camp II: ~6,500 m (21,300 ft) – advanced base camp for rotation
Camp III: ~7,200 m (23,600 ft) – mid-point on Lhotse Face
Camp IV: ~7,950 m (26,085 ft) – final push point before summit bid

These are not considered "base camps" but are critical for staged ascents and safety.

Base Camp Statistics and Operations

Feature	South Base Camp (Nepal)	North Base Camp (Tibet)
Elevation	5,364 m (17,598 ft)	5,150 m (16,900 ft)
Average Seasonal Temperature	-10°C to 5°C (14°F to 41°F)	-15°C to 3°C (5°F to 37°F)
Primary Access Route	Trek from Lukla Airport	Road from Lhasa/Shigatse
Peak Climber Traffic (Annual)	~1,500+ climbers	~300–500 climbers
Main Summit Route	Southeast Ridge	Northeast Ridge
Typical Season	April–May	April–May, September–October
Government Oversight	Nepal Ministry of Tourism	China Tibet Mountaineering Association

Table data source:1, 2, 3

The data shows that the South Base Camp handles significantly more climbers annually, reflecting the greater accessibility and international appeal of the Nepalese route. Despite lower traffic, the North Base Camp remains strategically important due to its road access and alternative climbing experience. Both operate under strict environmental and safety regulations during peak seasons.

Frequently Asked Questions About Everest Base Camps

How many base camps are there on Mount Everest?

There are two official base camps on Mount Everest: the South Base Camp in Nepal and the North Base Camp in Tibet. Each serves as the primary launch point for expeditions on their respective sides of the mountain.

Can you visit both Everest base camps?

Yes, it is possible to visit both base camps, though they require separate permits and travel arrangements. Trekkers often visit the South Base Camp via Nepal, while tours to the North Base Camp are organized through licensed agencies in Tibet.

Is Everest Base Camp the same as Kala Patthar?

No, Kala Patthar is a 5,643-meter (18,514-foot) viewpoint near the South Base Camp offering panoramic views of Everest. While not the base camp itself, it is a popular destination for trekkers wanting to see the summit up close.

Do climbers stay at base camp the entire time?

No, climbers spend weeks rotating between base camp and higher camps to acclimatize. They return to base camp to rest, recover, and prepare for the next phase of the climb, using it as a central hub throughout the expedition.

Are there permanent structures at Everest base camps?

No, both base camps consist of temporary tents and facilities set up each season. All structures are removed after the climbing season to minimize environmental impact, in accordance with conservation efforts in the region.