What Does a Fullback Do in American Football?

By Sarah Miller · June 17, 2051

In American football, a fullback is primarily a blocking back who protects the quarterback and clears paths for the running back, though they can also carry the ball in short-yardage situations or catch passes out of the backfield.

What Is a Fullback in American Football?

The fullback (FB) is a position in the offensive backfield, traditionally lined up behind the quarterback and ahead of or beside the halfback (or tailback). While once a primary ball carrier, the fullback's role has evolved into a hybrid blocker, runner, and occasional receiver, especially in power-running schemes.

Key Responsibilities of a Fullback

Lead blocking for the running back on inside runs
Protecting the quarterback on passing plays
Running the ball in goal-line and short-yardage scenarios
Catching check-down passes or executing screen plays
Pass protection against blitzing linebackers or safeties

Evolution of the Fullback Position

Historically, fullbacks were the primary ball carriers in formations like the single-wing. However, with the evolution of the modern spread and pass-heavy offenses, the fullback’s role has shifted significantly.

From Ball Carrier to Blocker

In early 20th-century football, fullbacks like Jim Thorpe and Bronko Nagurski dominated as runners. As offensive strategies evolved—especially with the rise of the T-formation—the halfback became the featured rusher. The fullback transitioned into a lead blocker, using size and strength to create lanes.

Today, many NFL teams use tight ends or H-backs to fulfill similar roles, reducing the need for a traditional fullback. Nevertheless, in run-first teams like the Baltimore Ravens or Pittsburgh Steelers, the fullback remains a valuable asset.

Fullback vs. Halfback: Key Differences

While both are running backs, their roles differ significantly:

Attribute	Fullback (FB)	Halfback/Tailback (HB/TB)
Primary Role	Blocking and short-yardage running	Primary ball carrier
Average Weight (NFL)	240–255 lbs	205–220 lbs
Average Height	5'11"–6'1"	5'9"–6'0"
Rush Attempts Per Game (Avg.)	2–4	15–20
Receptions Per Season (Avg.)	10–20	40–70

Notable Fullbacks in NFL History

Though not always in the spotlight, several fullbacks have made significant impacts:

Jim Brown – Though often listed as a halfback, Brown played a fullback-style role with power and dominance.
Marion Motley – A pioneer in the 1940s–50s, known for his strength and versatility.
Daryl Johnston (“Moose”) – Key blocker for Emmitt Smith with the Dallas Cowboys in the 1990s.
Leonard Weaver – One of the last true dual-threat fullbacks, excelling in both blocking and receiving.
John Kuhn – Super Bowl champion with the Green Bay Packers, known for goal-line touchdowns and blocking.

Modern Usage of Fullbacks in the NFL

As of the 2024 season, fewer than 10 NFL teams regularly feature a traditional fullback. Most offenses prioritize speed and spacing, favoring three-wide-receiver sets over extra tight ends or fullbacks.

Player	Team (2024)	Carries	Rushing Yards	YPC	Receptions	Rec Yards
Kapri Bibbs	New Orleans Saints	18	64	3.6	9	78
Elijhaa Penny	New York Giants	12	45	3.8	11	94
Dalton Schultz (FB/TE)	Houston Texans	3	8	2.7	39	342
Jamycal Hasty	San Francisco 49ers	7	23	3.3	5	31
Michael Burton	New Orleans Saints	5	17	3.4	6	42

Table data source:1, 2

Data from the 2024 NFL season shows that fullbacks average fewer than 10 carries and 5 receptions per player, highlighting their limited offensive usage. However, players like Elijhaa Penny and Kapri Bibbs contribute meaningfully in blocking and special teams, justifying their roster spots despite low stat lines.

Frequently Asked Questions About Fullbacks in American Football

What does a fullback do in American football?

A fullback primarily serves as a blocker for the running back and quarterback, leads on inside running plays, and occasionally carries the ball in short-yardage or goal-line situations. They may also catch passes out of the backfield.

Is a fullback the same as a running back?

All fullbacks are running backs, but not all running backs are fullbacks. The term "running back" is an umbrella category that includes halfbacks/tailbacks and fullbacks. Fullbacks are typically bigger and used more for blocking than carrying the ball.

Why don’t teams use fullbacks as much anymore?

Modern NFL offenses emphasize speed, space, and passing. Teams prefer extra wide receivers or tight ends over fullbacks to stretch defenses. As a result, the fullback’s traditional blocking role has been minimized in most schemes.

Can a fullback throw the ball?

Yes, a fullback can throw the ball if they are handed or lateraled the ball during a play. While rare, trick plays like toss sweeps may allow a fullback to pass forward—if behind the line of scrimmage—or laterally to another player.

Who are some current NFL fullbacks?

As of 2025, active fullbacks include Michael Burton (New Orleans Saints), Elijhaa Penny (New York Giants), and Jamycal Hasty (San Francisco 49ers). Some players, like Dalton Schultz of the Houston Texans, line up in fullback roles despite being classified as tight ends.